Introduction: God’s Covenant with Israel
The section of Exodus 16–24 marks a pivotal shift in Israel’s journey. God’s covenant with Israel begins to take shape as He provides for their needs, establishes His law, and invites them into a unique relationship with Himself. This passage also introduces the Mosaic Law in the Bible, which defines Israel’s identity as God’s chosen people and sets the foundation for their worship, justice, and community life.
Exodus 16 – Manna and Quail from Heaven
Shortly after crossing the Red Sea, the Israelites grumble over the lack of food. In response, God sends manna each morning and quail in the evening. The people are instructed to gather only what they need for the day, except before the Sabbath, when they gather double. This teaches daily dependence on God and obedience to His commands.
Read full Exodus 16 account and lessons here
Exodus 17 – Water from the Rock and Victory Over Amalek
The people thirst at Rephidim, and God instructs Moses to strike a rock, bringing forth water. Later, the Amalekites attack. Israel prevails as long as Moses holds up his staff as instructed — a sign that victory comes from God’s power and obedience to His commands, not human strength.
Read full Exodus 17 account and lessons here
Exodus 18 – Jethro’s Wise Counsel
Moses’ father-in-law, Jethro, visits and observes Moses judging every dispute himself. He advises appointing capable men to share the burden of leadership. The chapter highlights humility in leadership and accepting wise advice, illustrating how God sometimes places leadership responsibilities in the hands of others, even though He could accomplish everything Himself.
Read full Exodus 18 account and lessons here
Exodus 19 – Israel at Mount Sinai
Israel camps at the foot of Mount Sinai, where God calls Moses up the mountain. God tells Israel they are His treasured possession if they keep His covenant. The people agree, and God instructs them to consecrate themselves in preparation for His appearance. Thunder, lightning, and a thick cloud mark His holy presence.
Read full Exodus 19 account and lessons here
Exodus 20 – The Ten Commandments Given
God speaks directly to Israel, delivering the Ten Commandments. These laws form the heart of the Mosaic Law in the Bible, addressing worship, morality, and relationships with others. The people, overwhelmed by God’s glory, ask Moses to speak to God on their behalf.
Read full Exodus 20 account and lessons here
Exodus 21–23 – Laws for God’s People
These chapters expand on the Ten Commandments, covering justice, property rights, social responsibility, and worship regulations. The Mosaic Law in the Bible emphasizes fairness, compassion, and holiness, showing God’s concern for both individual and community life.
Read full Exodus 21–23 account and lessons here
Exodus 24 – The Covenant Confirmed
Moses reads the Book of the Covenant to the people, who affirm their obedience. Sacrifices are made, and blood is sprinkled on the altar and the people, sealing God’s covenant with Israel. Moses ascends the mountain to receive the stone tablets, remaining in God’s presence for forty days.
Read full Exodus 24 account and lessons here
Conclusion: God’s Covenant with Israel
Exodus 16–24 shows how God’s covenant with Israel is rooted in His provision, law, and presence. The Mosaic Law in the Bible was not a burden but a gift, shaping Israel’s identity and preparing them to live as a holy nation. From daily manna to the awe-inspiring covenant ceremony, these chapters reveal God’s desire for relationship and His standards for His people.
For a deep dive into Genesis, see the Genesis Chapter-by-Chapter Review.
Read the full text in the Book of Exodus (KJV).